Trump deployed National Guard troops to some U.S. cities last year over the objection of local leaders. Federal officers remain in Minneapolis despite local opposition, highlighting the growing divide.
The tensions have upended longtime Republican arguments that the federal government should leave local governance to the states under the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
"There's no question that the Trump administration has repeatedly violated the Constitution and how it deals with states," Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear, a Democrat, said in an interview.
For his part, Trump has expressed frustration at reflexive resistance from Democratic mayors and governors, insisting this week that he doesn't want to force federal law enforcement on communities.
Tensions worsened after federal agents killed two U.S. citizens in Minneapolis last month.